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This study was performed to investigate the perception of salt and food intake of the outpatients with hemodialysis and to evaluate the relationship between dietary survey assessment and blood biochemical data. It was based on a nutrient analysis of food intake records and blood analysis collected from 40 hemodialysis outpatients (male 24, female IM of a hospital in Seoul from June to October 1998. Each of the subjects provided a 24-hour recall of food intake on the previous day, frequency of consumption, and attitude about diet therapy to a trained interviewer. The subjects´ salt solution preference was tested by sensory evaluation and fasting blood samples from the subjects were analyzed by a biochemicalanalyzer. Among several dietary therapy methods, most preferred limiting salt intake. Among the four basic flavors: sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, and spicy hot flavor, they preferred silty and spicy hot foods. The subjects´ preferred concentration of salt solution was in the order of 0.50%>0.25%>0.75%, similar to the normal population as others have reported. Food intake frequency showed that the subjects frequently eat cereals and vegetables (2--3 times per day), and oils and candies (1 time per day). They eat meats, fishes, eggs, legumes, milk and fruits moderately (2-3 times per week). They eat less often potatoes, bread & biscuits (1 time per week), and meat products and salt-fermented fishes & salted vegetables (2-3 times per month) and they rarely eat nuts. The nutrient intake of the subjects was not satisfactory, especially the energy and protein intakes were much lower than the required amounts for the subjects. Also the calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin A, B1, Bz and niacin intakes did not meet the recommended dietary allowance of Koreans. The sodium intake was at a normal range. In the results of the blood analysis, the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels of the subjects were much lower than the normal range. Total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, and sodium levels were at normal range. Uric acid and potassium levels were at an acceptable range. However, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium and phosphorus levels were higher than the normal range. There was a significant correlation between the preference of salt solution and sodium intake in the subjects (p<0.05). A significant negative correlation between calcium intake and hemoglobin, between iron intake and serum potassium or creatinine, between protein intake and hemoglobin or hematocrit, and between vitamin B2 intake and hematocrit were observed (p<0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between potassium intake and blood urea nitrogen (p<0.05). It seemed that the patients did not get enough information about the therapeutic diet from registered dietitians. Because of anorexia and poor intake of nutrients, most of the patients had energy and protein malnutrition. The serum sodium level of the subjects were acceptable, therefore limitation of sodium intake level which may cause the anorexia may not be necessary. These hemodialysis patients need education, adequate diet therapy, and energy rich foods based on their individual biochemical data.
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